Studie zeigt, dass Dopamin Menschen dazu bringt, sich schneller zu bewegen, wenn sie etwas wollen

>To explore the link between dopamine and movement, the researchers asked human subjects to use the joystick to make a series of reaches toward one of four targets at each corner of a screen. One target gave a reward every time the subjects hit it, while another target never gave rewards. The other two fell in between.
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>As the team expected, the subjects tended to reach a little faster toward the targets that were more likely to offer a reward.
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>But the group also discovered something intriguing: If the subjects reached for a target that was unlikely to give a reward, and they unexpectedly got one, their reaching motion suddenly sped up—even after they had already gotten the reward.
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>This increase in vigor occurred just 220 milliseconds after the subjects heard the beep. The effect was subtle and not something you could spot with the naked eye. But the findings indicate that a pleasant surprise may give people a little extra pep.
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>The researchers can’t show definitively what is behind that burst of energy. But Ahmed and Korbisch suspect that their subjects were receiving a second jolt of dopamine from the unexpected treat. 
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>When the subjects were certain they were going to get a reward, in contrast, they didn’t seem to get a second surge in dopamine after the beep.
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>“Importantly, this effect wasn’t tied to reward reception alone,“ Korbisch said. „If the outcome was certain and known to the individual, we saw no further increase in vigor.“
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>Past experience mattered, too. If patients got a string of rewards in a row, they started moving faster overall. If they got nothing but bad luck, they slowed down.
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>Ahmed noted that many medical conditions affect how people move. People with depression, for example, tend to move more slowly than others. She envisions that, one day, medical professionals could use these sorts of trends to help their patients—following how people move across months or years to track their health.

[Rapid dopaminergic signatures in movement: Reach vigor reflects reward prediction error and learned expectation | Science Advances](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz9361)

It makes sense. As someone with ADHD who has studied a lot of papers on my own disorder, it’s primarily a dopamine problem.

You literally don’t have a strong enough reward system in your neurochemistry to motivate you to do things. Which leaves you just motivated by avoiding consequences instead.

One of the leading hypotheses is that the receptors for dopamine are either too few, or malformed that limits dopamine uptake.

The reason that stimulants help is because the increased dopamine balances out that deficit, correcting that reward system.

It would make sense that dopamine would increase motivation for people to get things that they want. I couldn’t before stimulants, now I can.