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    1. An interesting back story: Einstein first proposed Special Relativity before it was known that the universe was expanding. He thought the stars and galaxies were in fixed positions, so he proposed a „cosmological constant“ that was a repulsive force, keeping the stars from contracting. When Hubble discovered the expansion, Einstein called his cosmological constant „the greatest blunder of his career“.

      But Hubble’s discovery did not reveal that the expansion was occurring at an increasing rate. So, maybe Einstein was correct after all – but for the wrong reason.

    2. The „challenge“ apparently boils down to evidence of variation in dark energy over time. Dark energy being a placeholder added to the theory to account for unknown effects that caused the observed expansion. So, the net effects of the unknown physical phenomena that *aren’t fully accounted for in Einstein’s theory* (being unknown), are not constant over time. That’s it.

      To be clear, understanding more of the nature of dark energy will help in figuring out what it is and how to change theory to properly account for the underlying physics. But this is more like quibbling over subtle details of the precise shape of a *long* known hole in Einstein’s theory than a „challenge“.

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