Neue Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass der antike römische Beton Jahrtausende überlebt, indem er seine eigenen Risse durch Karbonisierung chemisch selbst heilt

**Context:**
Roman concrete structures are widely regarded as outstanding examples of durable ancient engineering — having survived nearly two millennia. Their longevity is often attributed to the pozzolanic reaction, a chemical process that occurs when volcanic ash, water and highly reactive lime are combined to create powerful binding agents that harden and strengthen the concrete.

**Research and Key Findings:**
In a report published to [Science Advances](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aeb0754), co-authored by engineering professor Paulo Monteiro at UC Berkeley, the team of researchers performed a comprehensive analysis of a concrete latrine in Hadrian’s Villa — a site in Tivoli, Italy, that dates to the second century A.D. — to uncover the mechanisms behind the resilience of these structures.

Using advanced 3D imaging techniques, including multi-scale spectroscopy and tomography, they showed how the calcium carbonate networks formed through mineralized carbonation helped bind and densify ancient Roman concrete over time. This suggests calcite — a mineral form of calcium carbonate found in limestone and formed through hydration and carbonation processes — helps fill small cracks, pores and voids in the concrete. This cementing mechanism creates a dense and cohesive structure that improves load transfer within the matrix and limits water infiltration, contributing to its long-term stability. Over time, the continual growth of calcite can help close fine cracks, limiting further damage.

These findings could guide the development of next-gen concrete materials, including low-carbon cements. For context: Clinker, an ingredient used to manufacture standard cement, currently exacts a heavy environmental toll, with 0.83 tons of carbon dioxide released for every ton of clinker produced.

Carbonation? Yeah, that kept Han Solo fresh for a long time.

*Carbonara. 

It’s actually pasta sauce that’s the secret.