Der Iran erlässt in Hormus gleichzeitig Gesetze, verhandelt und erhebt Mautgebühren.

SS: Three separate Iranian institutional tracks are advancing toward permanent Hormuz governance simultaneously. The IRGC is already collecting up to $2 million per VLCC transit in yuan and stablecoins (Bloomberg, Lloyd’s List, 1 Apr). The Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee approved a toll bill on 30 March creating standing toll authority, pending plenary and Guardian Council votes (Anadolu Agency; Bloomberg). Deputy FM Gharibabadi announced on 2 April that a bilateral monitoring protocol with Oman is „in its final stages“ (IRNA).

Eleven countries now hold passage terms with Tehran, from negotiated bilateral agreements (Philippines, toll-free, 2 Apr) to unilateral „non-hostile“ designations (Japan, South Korea). The last state to toll a natural international strait was Denmark, abolished by the Copenhagen Convention of 1857. The ICJ established customary strait passage in 1949 (Corfu Channel, UK v. Albania).

Four submarine cables cross the strait. Alcatel declared force majeure on Gulf cable operations on 12 March. One repair vessel remains inside the Gulf.

Oman has neither confirmed nor denied the protocol. For three decades, Muscat facilitated every major Iran-West opening including the JCPOA back-channel. The question is whether this silence is standard Omani diplomacy during sensitive negotiations, or something else.