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    1. ForeignAffairsMag on

      [Excerpt from essay by Nicole Grajewski, Assistant Professor at Sciences Po and a Nonresident Scholar in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; and Ankit Panda, Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.]

      Over the past few years, Tehran made a series of errors that proved deadly. It revealed the limits of its missile force and depended too much on its network of proxies for protection. It curbed its nuclear ambitions at what in hindsight appears to have been the most inopportune moment: when Iran was close enough to developing a bomb to invite a preventive attack but not close enough to deter one. It also publicized the progress it was making in technologies relevant to building nuclear weapons instead of holding its cards close to the chest.

      Each of these errors compounded the others. Together, they led to the disaster now unfolding. For Iran’s leaders, the lessons are clear: deterrence cannot be outsourced to proxies; threats, if not credible, risk inviting retaliation; and a latent nuclear program is hardly a substitute for actually having the bomb.

    2. Oct 7th in retrospect was disastrous for the Iranian regime. They lost the deterrence factor from Hamas and Hezbollah, and escalated the stakes for Israel to make striking Iran a rational option. The remaining deterrents was the unknown factor of how well Iranian air defenses would hold up and how damaging Iranian missiles would be, and both of those underperformed by an order of magnitude.

    3. Electronic_Main_2254 on

      You can’t establish deterrence if your army is built on crappy weapons from 60s-70s, your economy is constantly collapsing, and your own people are against you, while your rivals are using 5th generation fighters, top tier intelligence, and have strong economies that can sustain the war effort.

      The only „good choice“ the IRGC could made historically, is building an actual decent country with a decent economy and decent allies.

    4. One-Reflection-4826 on

      deterrence is hard when your enemies are the local bully and his big brother owning the biggest military the world has ever seen. 

    5. Turns out that there’s not much deterrence a country can do from being attacked when it funds, arms, and instigates attacks against others in furtherance of its weekly chants calling for their death and destruction.

    6. Iran’s deterrence for decades has been the economic damage they could cause by closing the Strait of Hormuz. They are currently doing trillions of dollars of damage to the global economy in response to the attacks on them. Previous US administrations saw this as sufficient reason to avoid this fight. This administration seemingly didn’t bother to appreciate this risk. Pretty much impossible to deter people who don’t understand risk.

    7. Is this article some sort of a joke? April fools isn’t until after 2 weeks right? Unprovoked aggression couldn’t be more normal, that’s totally not the problem but deterrence is. This „Iran should absolutely be attacked“ mindset of those two journalist is off-putting.

      > Iran’s strategy worked for a time. But over the past few years, Tehran made a series of errors that proved deadly. It revealed the limits of its missile force and depended too much on its network of proxies for protection.

      Just a blunt statement, naturally it has limits just like Operation Epic Fury reveals the limits of the U.S armed forces.

      Houthis hasn’t even joined the war yet and many US Navy sailors are probably on VA paychecks from PTSD after Operation Prosperity Guardian when the Houthis absolutely startled the US Navy and its sailors and USS Harry S. Truman lost 3 F-18 Super Hornets because it had to make sharp turns to dodge missiles.

      > In April 2024, in response to an Israeli attack on the Iranian embassy in Syria, Iran launched missiles at Israel for the first time. It did so again in October 2024. During both instances, Israel intercepted almost all the missiles, and U.S. and Israeli defense planners learned more about Iranian capabilities and tactics than they ever could have through satellite surveillance or signals intelligence.

      „Intercepted almost all“. There were plenty of authentic clips circulating on the internet showing barrage of missiles hitting Israel during that Oct 24 attack. They did intercept many, but far from being almost all. Unhinged magazine.

    8. But they have the world economy by the balls, that in and of itself is a successful strategy.

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