Ein einzelner, „nackter“ Schwarzes Loch schreibt die Geschichte des Universums um

“a single, naked black hole.” reads like an item from Motley Crue’s backstage rider.

Black holes can’t actually form through any model of physics we know. They have to start out as primordial objects, or be merely approximated.

Consider it from the perspective of an outside observer and infalling matter. The infalling matter approaches the Schwarzschild radius with a given celestial object, as it approaches time slows relative to the outside observer, before it reaches the edge of the radius time has slowed to the point that the entire lifetime of the universe will pass in a planck moment, the outside observer would have seen the entire mass-energy of the proto-black hole radiate out as pre-Hawking radiation before any of the in falling matter has even reached the would-be event horizon. Even with an infinitely old universe, the matter’s approach is asymptotic and it will never form an actual singularity, only a highly dense near singularity.

The infalling object would „see“ the approaching mass radiating more and more thermal energy, blue shifting into violate and then gamma before all of the mass in front of it had radiated away from the Schwarzschild radius in a violent flash. Long after the heat death of the universe stops supplying energy to the mass everything that ever nearly became a black hole will evaporate in a gamma flash.

The only way for a singularity to exist is if the mass started out within the Schwarzschild radius.

Vachaspati, Stojkovic and Krauss wrote about it in the 20 aughts, eventually Hawking did too in the 2010’s.