Die Yuan-Dynastie war nominell der oberste Herrscher des Mongolenreiches, das sich 1264 offiziell in vier Khanate aufteilte.
Die Yuan-Dynastie kann als der chinesische Zweig des Mongolenreiches angesehen werden; Es war der mächtigste und nominell der Anführer der anderen mongolischen Khanate (jedoch nur nominell, nicht in der Praxis, sondern regierte sie direkt).
Aber was wirklich seltsam ist, ist, dass viele Menschen, ob Chinesen oder Mongolen, es nicht mögen.
Der Grund ist einfach: Die Chinesen glaubten, es sei von Eindringlingen gegründet worden, während die Mongolen glaubten, es sei von Verrätern gegründet worden.
Im Jahr 1259 starb Dschingis Khans Enkel Möngke Khan im Krieg zur Eroberung der Song-Dynastie.
Im Jahr 1260 erklärten sich Kublai Khan (die Gründer der Yuan-Dynastie) und Ariq Böke beide zu legitimen Khans und begannen damit einen Bürgerkrieg.
Von hier aus entfaltet sich die interessante Geschichte.
Kublai Khan gewann letztendlich den mongolischen Bürgerkrieg, aber er verließ sich in erster Linie auf chinesische Kriegsherren!
Ja, das hast du richtig gelesen. Kublai Khan verließ sich auf chinesische Elitekriegsherren, um den mongolischen Bürgerkrieg zu gewinnen. und er duldete sogar die Massaker, Plünderungen und Vergewaltigungen seiner eigenen mongolischen Landsleute durch die chinesischen Kriegsherren!
Ich kann mir vorstellen, dass Kublai Khan damals unglaublich traurig gewesen sein muss. Niemand möchte, dass seine Landsleute vergewaltigt, abgeschlachtet und versklavt werden, aber die Geschichte ist grausam.
Da die meisten Mongolen ihn jedoch nicht unterstützten, musste er die Chinesen um Hilfe bitten, doch diese Hilfe hatte ihren Preis.
So entstand ein sehr eigenartiges und interessantes Phänomen.
Während der Yuan-Dynastie bekleideten viele chinesische Adlige hohe Positionen und der erste Premierminister der Yuan-Dynastie war Chinese. Sogar viele Mongolen wurden von chinesischen Grundbesitzern in die Sklaverei verkauft.
Dies liegt daran, dass die Yuan-Dynastie im Wesentlichen von den Mongolen gegründet wurde, nachdem sie sich auf chinesische Kriegsherren verlassen hatten, um den mongolischen Bürgerkrieg zu gewinnen.
Daher wurde es sowohl von den Chinesen als auch von den Mongolen gehasst. Die Mongolen betrachteten Kublai Khan als einen erbärmlichen Verräter, der das Massaker an seinem eigenen Volk duldete, während die Chinesen es immer noch als eine von den Mongolen gegründete Dynastie betrachteten, die den Invasoren gehörte!
Geschichte ist immer so wundersam und interessant~
Von Wise-Pineapple-4190
22 Kommentare
Kublai Khan’s admiration for Chinese culture was, in a sense, political; his victory in the Mongol civil war relied heavily on elite Chinese warlords.
Therefore, the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty was inseparable from the assistance of Chinese warlords. Under these circumstances, many Chinese nobles still held high positions within the Yuan Dynasty, able to freely buy and sell Mongols as slaves.
Ironically, when the Mongols once conducted a slave count, they discovered that their number of slaves exceeded that of the Chinese.
Imagine conquering a country, yet your own people are being sold into slavery.
This is why Kublai Khan is still disliked by many Mongols to this day.
Are you Chinese or Mongol?
Yuan Dynasty: universally disliked before it was cool. Trendsetters, I guess.
Why did Kublai Khan rely on the Chinese during the civil war?
The reason is simple: his legitimacy was questionable. Strictly speaking, after Möngke Khan’s death, the next Mongol Khan should have been Ariq Böke, and most Mongols did not support Kublai Khan at the time.
Therefore, Kublai Khan had no choice but to seek help from Chinese warlords.
After his eventual victory, his tolerance of the Chinese massacring, raping, and robbing his own compatriots was, in a sense, a helpless act.
Actually, I like the Yuan Dynasty.
The Yuan dynasty was one of several khanates that occupied different regions and countries; Khanate of the Golden Horde, Ikhanate and Chagatai Khanate. Occupying regions in Central Asia, Russia, Middle East & China. Each was a Khan in their own right and all of them used native soldiers/generals in the battles against each other!
The dislike that modern day Mongolians have with Yuan dynasty was that it is in China, the Mongolians hate China with the passion of 10,000 supernova.
If it was good enough for Marco Polo, it was good enough for me.
Monkey Khan
The most important role of the Yuan Dynasty (including the Mongol Empire) in China was the complete destruction of those semi-Chinese, semi-barbarian states such as the Jin Dynasty, Western Xia, Dali, and Western Liao (Song Dynasty was unable to defeat these countries). If these regimes had persisted, they would have developed into modern nation-states like Vietnam, and China (as an empire) would have faded into history like the Roman Empire. However, the Mongols destroyed them in time, allowing China to regain the genes of a unified empire.
Imagine if Russia had completely destroyed countries like Britain, France, and Germany, then defeated the weak Eastern Roman Empire, establishing a fully-fledged Roman Empire of Russian origin. If the Eastern Romans had then found an opportunity to regain control of the empire, then Roman Empire might still exist today. This is essentially what happened in China.
Mongols on their own wouldn’t have enough numbers to completely subjugate and administer China by themselves, with only about 1-2 million ethnic Mongols in total, so it makes sense that they were allied with Chinese warloads
Essentially the Mongols replaced the top leadership but let the rest of the Chinese bureaucracy keep operating as normal.
A similar thing also happens to Persia many times throughout history, where they were ruled at the top by a foreign people (Parthian, Selucid, Seljuks, Arabs, and also Mongol Ilkhanate) but the conquerers let them continue most of the governance because their administration was effective.
When it comes to Chinese perception of Yuan Dynasty, it’s not the most well liked dynasty in Chinese history since it was foreign ruled, but most Chinese at least still accept the Yuan as a Chinese dynasty and an important part of Chinese history nonetheless. Kublai Khan essentially embraced becoming the Chinese emperor
r/mongolia is so weird, they hate china and chinese people more than anything because of qing dynasty invasions, but they absolutely love genghis because he allowed them to invade everybody
Ah, it’s been a while since I last saw a Wise Pineapple post, speaking about China as always.
This is very **anachronistic**
The Chinese view is outdated and biased towards Separatism, likely becuase in western media, their voice is often preferred to justify „China Bad“ sentiment.
Most Chinese, me included, think Yuan as the legit Chinese dynasty and thanks it for bringing in Tibet and Manchuria under Chinese administration for the first time. Fast forward 800 hundred years, now they are inseparable Chinese territory.
Actually, if not for the Soviet’s need for a buffer country to China, Mongolia itself would remain as a Chinese province as well, just like the Inner Mongolia region today.
Sorry, Mongolia, but it’s your ancestor who failed to forcast 800 years into future and kicked off this greatest integration process in east Asia 😂
Can someone explain why the Korean peninsula is only partially colored instead of it being colored or left out entirely? The peninsula was unified under Goryeo.
Xanadu, Yuan’s summer palace/capital is not shown on this map. It is a politically important place where most Kurultai(crowning) were held.
I would like to subscribe to this newsletter. This was fun.
Cuz yuan is a colonizer to the chinese, but the empire of yuan is a traitor of the Mongolian empire.
It’s misleading that Yuan had half of Korean Peninsula. Either take all, understandable since Mongolians conquered Goryeo, or leave it as is. Controlling half is not true.
Map from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) says otherwise as well.
I suppose the source is Chinahighlight so it is from china’s pov.
I feel this has been an issue of trying to fit history into contemporary, nationalist, lens.
The Yuan was a hybrid Mongol-Chinese empire, but comparing its people to modern Chinese or modern Mongolians would be a mistake. Kublai Khan, the Chinese elites and the Mongol elites would have seen it in a much simpler way: themselves, other people who had power one way or the other, and the peasants from whom taxes and levies were extracted. In other words, the monarch, the elites, and the subjects were all they saw, regardless of “national” origins.
You can say the same about some other historical empires. The Habsburg empire comes to mind. When you apply the nation state concept to historical nations that weren’t organised to this concept, you’d always find some that don’t conform to the nationalist narrative and ends up getting hated.
Map is historical revisionist since it shows half of Korea being part of the Yuan dynasty, which was never the case.
Hate？？？To be realistic, I feel nothing, because it’s hundreds of years old. You can’t just come to some ideal conclusion based solely on history.
Hello nine dashed line
i see you
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