[Excerpt from essay by Ethan B. Kapstein, Executive Director of the Empirical Studies of Conflict Project at Princeton University and Adjunct Fellow at the RAND Corporation; and Jonathan Caverley, Visiting Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Professor of Strategic and Operational Research at the U.S. Naval War College. The views expressed here are their own.]
Ultimately, the defense of Europe will not depend on Brussels but on the actions of a few key states. The burden of conventional air and ground defense will fall almost entirely on Poland and Germany. France and the United Kingdom could play a crucial supporting role by bringing their expeditionary forces and, of even greater strategic importance, their nuclear deterrents into the mix. This division of labor is unlikely to produce stronger EU defense institutions, collective policy decisions, or continental industrial cooperation. But these four countries can provide sufficient deterrent capability against Russia, filling the gaps that the United States is likely to leave.
deHaga on
Germany, France, Poland, UK
_segasonic on
It’ll be the usual.
Germany scared to agree to anything incase any conflict kicks off and they won’t want involved incase they’re seen as the bad guys again.
The UK constantly sucking up because we feel so guilty about Brexit.
France then deciding against everything at the last minute that doesn’t have them looking like the top dog.
While Poland get on with alone because they seem to be the only country that are actually serious with any common sense these days.
maporita on
Ukraine too if they can get a definitive and just end to the war. The accumulated expertise in Russian tactics and drone ops would be invaluable to Europe.
dantoddd on
Somehow i feel like Poland will have to do most of the work there
[deleted] on
[removed]
ArtisticAd7795 on
1. The „New Order“ Axis (U.S., Russia, Israel & Aligned Spheres)
This bloc is defined by transactional power, energy dominance, and the aggressive redrawing of borders. They are the „Landlords“ of the 2026 conflict.
* **The Core Triad:** United States, Russian Federation, Israel.
* **The Americas (U.S. Monroe Sphere):** Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and U.S.-dependent Caribbean island nations. (These nations are locked into the U.S. economic grid and resource supply chains).
* **The Pacific Protectorates (Forced Alignment):** Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Micronesia, Palau, Marshall Islands. (These nations have effectively surrendered economic leverage to the U.S. to ensure their physical survival against China and North Korea).
* **Russian Satellites:** Belarus, North Korea, Transnistria (unrecognized), South Ossetia/Abkhazia.
### 2. The Sovereignty Coalition (Euro-Anglo Resistance)
This bloc relies on regulatory warfare, asymmetrical sabotage (the „Long Night“), and deep financial alliances to resist extortion.
* **The Anglo-Sphere:** United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand.
* **The „Long Night“ Vanguard (Arctic/Baltic):** Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Iceland.
* **The Core EU (The „10,000 Legislators“):** France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Austria, Portugal, Greece, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, Luxembourg.
* **The Conventional Frontline:** Ukraine.
### 3. The „TBD“ (Non-Aligned, Battlegrounds & Wildcards)
This massive third list encompasses the rest of the globe. These nations are either trying to profit from the chaos, are physically trapped in the crossfire, or are desperately trying to maintain neutrality to avoid economic collapse.
* **The Strategic Waiters (Profiteers & Observers):**
* **China:** The ultimate wildcard. Beijing is quietly watching the West tear itself apart while buying cheap, sanctioned Russian oil and avoiding direct military commitments.
* **India:** Heavily focused on internal economic shielding. They are balancing the U.S. tech sector against their reliance on Russian military hardware.
* **The Remainder of BRICS/Regional Powers:** Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, Mexico. (Turkey, despite being in NATO, is playing all sides to maintain its Black Sea and Middle Eastern influence).
* **The Middle East Squeeze:**
* **The Arab States:** Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Qatar, Jordan, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Morocco. (They are caught between U.S. demands to police the Strait of Hormuz, European desperation for gas, and Israeli border expansion).
* **The Decapitated & Occupied:**
* Iran (leadership destroyed, infrastructure in ruins), Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and the Palestinian Territories (Gaza/West Bank).
* **The Global South Buffer (Economic Casualties):**
* **Asia/Oceania:** Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, etc., slowly drifting toward China as Russia pivots West).
* **Africa:** Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Algeria, and the remaining 50+ nations of the African Union.
* **Latin America Holdouts:** Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua (either too large to be fully bullied by the U.S. or already sanctioned into isolation).
The battle lines of this „WW3“ are not drawn with trenches, but with LNG shipments, tariffs, drone strikes, and microreactors. The Anglo-European coalition has the wealth and the regulatory gravity, but the U.S.-Led Axis currently controls the fuel that keeps the lights on.
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[Excerpt from essay by Ethan B. Kapstein, Executive Director of the Empirical Studies of Conflict Project at Princeton University and Adjunct Fellow at the RAND Corporation; and Jonathan Caverley, Visiting Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Professor of Strategic and Operational Research at the U.S. Naval War College. The views expressed here are their own.]
Ultimately, the defense of Europe will not depend on Brussels but on the actions of a few key states. The burden of conventional air and ground defense will fall almost entirely on Poland and Germany. France and the United Kingdom could play a crucial supporting role by bringing their expeditionary forces and, of even greater strategic importance, their nuclear deterrents into the mix. This division of labor is unlikely to produce stronger EU defense institutions, collective policy decisions, or continental industrial cooperation. But these four countries can provide sufficient deterrent capability against Russia, filling the gaps that the United States is likely to leave.
Germany, France, Poland, UK
It’ll be the usual.
Germany scared to agree to anything incase any conflict kicks off and they won’t want involved incase they’re seen as the bad guys again.
The UK constantly sucking up because we feel so guilty about Brexit.
France then deciding against everything at the last minute that doesn’t have them looking like the top dog.
While Poland get on with alone because they seem to be the only country that are actually serious with any common sense these days.
Ukraine too if they can get a definitive and just end to the war. The accumulated expertise in Russian tactics and drone ops would be invaluable to Europe.
Somehow i feel like Poland will have to do most of the work there
[removed]
1. The „New Order“ Axis (U.S., Russia, Israel & Aligned Spheres)
This bloc is defined by transactional power, energy dominance, and the aggressive redrawing of borders. They are the „Landlords“ of the 2026 conflict.
* **The Core Triad:** United States, Russian Federation, Israel.
* **The Americas (U.S. Monroe Sphere):** Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and U.S.-dependent Caribbean island nations. (These nations are locked into the U.S. economic grid and resource supply chains).
* **The Pacific Protectorates (Forced Alignment):** Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Micronesia, Palau, Marshall Islands. (These nations have effectively surrendered economic leverage to the U.S. to ensure their physical survival against China and North Korea).
* **Russian Satellites:** Belarus, North Korea, Transnistria (unrecognized), South Ossetia/Abkhazia.
### 2. The Sovereignty Coalition (Euro-Anglo Resistance)
This bloc relies on regulatory warfare, asymmetrical sabotage (the „Long Night“), and deep financial alliances to resist extortion.
* **The Anglo-Sphere:** United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand.
* **The „Long Night“ Vanguard (Arctic/Baltic):** Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Iceland.
* **The Core EU (The „10,000 Legislators“):** France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Austria, Portugal, Greece, Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta, Luxembourg.
* **The Conventional Frontline:** Ukraine.
### 3. The „TBD“ (Non-Aligned, Battlegrounds & Wildcards)
This massive third list encompasses the rest of the globe. These nations are either trying to profit from the chaos, are physically trapped in the crossfire, or are desperately trying to maintain neutrality to avoid economic collapse.
* **The Strategic Waiters (Profiteers & Observers):**
* **China:** The ultimate wildcard. Beijing is quietly watching the West tear itself apart while buying cheap, sanctioned Russian oil and avoiding direct military commitments.
* **India:** Heavily focused on internal economic shielding. They are balancing the U.S. tech sector against their reliance on Russian military hardware.
* **The Remainder of BRICS/Regional Powers:** Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, Mexico. (Turkey, despite being in NATO, is playing all sides to maintain its Black Sea and Middle Eastern influence).
* **The Middle East Squeeze:**
* **The Arab States:** Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Qatar, Jordan, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Morocco. (They are caught between U.S. demands to police the Strait of Hormuz, European desperation for gas, and Israeli border expansion).
* **The Decapitated & Occupied:**
* Iran (leadership destroyed, infrastructure in ruins), Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and the Palestinian Territories (Gaza/West Bank).
* **The Global South Buffer (Economic Casualties):**
* **Asia/Oceania:** Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, etc., slowly drifting toward China as Russia pivots West).
* **Africa:** Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Algeria, and the remaining 50+ nations of the African Union.
* **Latin America Holdouts:** Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua (either too large to be fully bullied by the U.S. or already sanctioned into isolation).
The battle lines of this „WW3“ are not drawn with trenches, but with LNG shipments, tariffs, drone strikes, and microreactors. The Anglo-European coalition has the wealth and the regulatory gravity, but the U.S.-Led Axis currently controls the fuel that keeps the lights on.