Die Studie liefert wissenschaftliche Beweise dafür, dass Pianisten Timbre durch Berührung verändern können und zum ersten Mal wissenschaftlich klären, wie sich ihre Manipulation von Schlüsseln verändert, Klavier Timbre

>- The question of whether piano timbre can be changed according to a pianist’s intent had not been answered in over 100 years.
>- Using proprietary non-contact sensors capable of measuring key positions at 1000 fps, we measured key movements when professional pianists played using various timbres.
>- Data science and psychophysical experiments revealed that timbres intended by pianists were perceived by listeners, regardless of whether they had any piano playing experience.
>- Sounds produced by keystrokes differing only in specific key movement features were perceived as distinct timbres, thereby identifying a causal relationship between key movement and timbre.

> The research group developed a unique sensor system that can measure piano key movements at a temporal resolution of 1,000 fps, and measured key movements when professional pianists expressed various timbres on the piano. The results revealed that listeners could distinguish the pianists’ intended timbres, regardless of whether or not they had any piano performance training experience. The group further successfully identified the key movement features that produce these timbre differences.

[Motor origins of timbre in piano performance | PNAS](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2425073122)