Eine Studie an 2,2 Millionen Menschen zeigt, dass Gene im Zusammenhang mit der Impulskontrolle das Suchtrisiko erheblich beeinflussen, was darauf hindeutet, dass die individuelle Anfälligkeit eher auf die Verkabelung des Gehirns als auf bestimmte Substanzen zurückzuführen ist

>Researchers of a Rutgers Health–led study headed by Holly Poore, a faculty instructor of psychiatry at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, analyzed genetic data from previously published genome-wide association studies totaling more than 2.2 million individuals to understand how genes shape vulnerability to alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and opioid use disorders. 
>
>According to the study published in Nature Mental Health, members of the team found genetic risk operates along two main pathways:
>
>- A broad “behavioral disinhibition” or externalizing pathway, which involves brain systems for reward processing, self-control and risk-taking. Externalizing refers to a heritable pattern of behaviors characterized by difficulty regulating impulses and actions such as impulsivity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct problems and risk-taking behaviors. This pathway cuts across many forms of addiction and related behavioral outcomes.
>
>- Substance-specific pathways that are more narrowly tied to particular drugs (for example, genes involved in alcohol metabolism or nicotine receptors).

>“Most of the genetic predisposition to substance use disorders isn’t about how bodies respond to drugs; it’s about how brains are wired,” said Danielle Dick, director of the Rutgers Addiction Research Center within the Rutgers Brain Health Institute and senior author of the study. “Specifically, risk is mostly related to genes that broadly impact how our brains process rewards and regulate behavior.” 

[Multivariate genetic analyses of 2.2 million individuals reveal broad and substance-specific pathways of addiction risk | Nature Mental Health](https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-026-00608-6)