[OC] Gewinn und Verlust des Anteils der wahlberechtigten Bevölkerung, US-Präsidentschaftswahlen (1932–2024)

[OC] Winning & Losing Share of the Voting-Eligible Population, U.S. Presidential Elections (1932–2024)

These two charts (one each for winners and losers) present U.S. presidential election outcomes since 1932 as shares of the Voting-Eligible Population (VEP) rather than shares of ballots cast. Expressing results relative to the population eligible to vote allows elections across decades of dramatic population growth to be compared on a common scale. By anchoring outcomes to eligibility rather than turnout alone, the figure highlights how election results depend not only on vote choice but also on participation, placing recent elections within a long historical range instead of treating high raw vote totals as exceptional.

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**Tools**

Data coalesced in MacOS Numbers, plotted in R (ggplot), exported via SVG device, and then assembly refined in Adobe Illustrator.

**Data Sources**

University of Florida Election Lab (Michael P. McDonald). “National VEP Turnout Rates, 1789–Present (v1.3).” Dataset page (includes CSV download):
– https://election.lab.ufl.edu/dataset/national-vep-turnout-rates-1789-present-v1-3/

University of Florida Election Lab. “United States Voter Turnout” (definition/description of VEP and exclusions):
– https://election.lab.ufl.edu/voter-turnout/

The American Presidency Project (John T. Woolley & Gerhard Peters), University of California, Santa Barbara. “Election Listing” and per-year election result tables (popular vote by party/candidate):
– https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/elections

Example year page (1932):
– https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/elections/1932

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**Inspiration**

Some commentary about the 2020 election has suggested that the results were historically implausible when viewed through raw vote totals alone. Evaluated as a share of the Voting-Eligible Population, however, Joe Biden’s result—approximately 34%—falls squarely within the modern historical range. Comparable outcomes include Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936 (38%), Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956 (35%), Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 (39%), and Richard Nixon in 1972 (34%).

**Use of Voting-Eligible Population**

U.S. population counts originate with the Census, which includes all residents, citizens and non-citizens alike. To measure electoral participation, researchers adjust those counts by subtracting adults who are legally ineligible to vote (most notably non-citizens). This statistical adjustment does not imply non-citizen voting; it ensures vote shares are compared against the population eligible to cast ballots.

**Medians and Distribution**

Across elections since 1932, the typical winning candidate receives support from the low-30% range of the Voting-Eligible Population. The median winning share is about 31.5%, with the middle half of elections falling roughly between 28% and 34%. Losing candidates typically receive about 26–27%, with most elections falling between 23.5% and 28%.

The distribution of losing shares is slightly skewed upward because competitive elections cluster near parity, while very low losing shares are uncommon. This reflects a structural reality of two-party competition: close contests occur more often than landslide defeats, so losing candidates more frequently finish near the winner than far below.

**Methodology**

1. TotalVotes = sum(votes for all candidates)
2. TurnoutRate = TotalVotes / VEP
3. VEP = TotalVotes / TurnoutRate
4. NonVoters = VEP − TotalVotes
5. CandidateShare = CandidateVotes / VEP
6. RemovedOtherVotes = sum(CandidateShare < 0.03)
7. Base = VEP − RemovedOtherVotes

– VEP_R% = 100 × RepublicanVotes / Base
– VEP_D% = 100 × DemocraticVotes / Base
– VEP_0% = 100 × NonVoters / Base

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**Values**

| YEAR | VOTES | VOTES_D | VOTES_R | EV_D | EV_R | VEP | VEP_D | VEP_R | VEP_0 |
|——|———–|———-|———-|——|——|——-|——-|——-|——-|
| 1932 | 39747783 | 22818740 | 15760425 | 472 | 59 | 0.569 | 33 | 23 | 41 |
| 1936 | 45646991 | 27750866 | 16679683 | 523 | 8 | 0.610 | 38 | 23 | 36 |
| 1940 | 49817149 | 27243218 | 22334940 | 449 | 82 | 0.624 | 34 | 28 | 35 |
| 1944 | 47976670 | 25612610 | 22014160 | 432 | 99 | 0.559 | 30 | 26 | 41 |
| 1948 | 48691494 | 24105810 | 21970064 | 303 | 189 | 0.522 | 27 | 24 | 46 |
| 1952 | 61550918 | 27314992 | 33777945 | 89 | 442 | 0.623 | 28 | 35 | 34 |
| 1956 | 62026908 | 26022752 | 35590472 | 73 | 457 | 0.602 | 25 | 35 | 37 |
| 1960 | 68838219 | 34226731 | 34108157 | 303 | 219 | 0.638 | 32 | 32 | 33 |
| 1964 | 70644592 | 43129566 | 27178188 | 486 | 52 | 0.628 | 39 | 24 | 34 |
| 1968 | 73211875 | 31275166 | 31785480 | 191 | 301 | 0.625 | 27 | 27 | 32 |
| 1972 | 77718554 | 29170383 | 47169911 | 17 | 520 | 0.562 | 21 | 34 | 42 |
| 1976 | 81555889 | 40830763 | 39147793 | 297 | 240 | 0.548 | 28 | 27 | 42 |
| 1980 | 86513813 | 35483883 | 43904153 | 49 | 489 | 0.542 | 24 | 30 | 39 |
| 1984 | 92652842 | 37577185 | 54455075 | 13 | 525 | 0.552 | 22 | 33 | 42 |
| 1988 | 91594809 | 41809074 | 48886097 | 111 | 426 | 0.528 | 24 | 28 | 45 |
| 1992 | 104425014 | 44909326 | 39103882 | 370 | 168 | 0.581 | 25 | 22 | 39 |
| 1996 | 96277223 | 47402357 | 39198755 | 379 | 159 | 0.517 | 26 | 21 | 44 |
| 2000 | 105396627 | 50992335 | 50455156 | 266 | 271 | 0.542 | 27 | 27 | 43 |
| 2004 | 122295345 | 59028444 | 62040610 | 251 | 286 | 0.601 | 29 | 31 | 37 |
| 2008 | 131278107 | 69456897 | 59934814 | 365 | 173 | 0.616 | 33 | 28 | 36 |
| 2012 | 129067662 | 65899660 | 60932152 | 332 | 206 | 0.586 | 30 | 27 | 38 |
| 2016 | 136381696 | 65788564 | 62955340 | 232 | 306 | 0.601 | 29 | 27 | 40 |
| 2020 | 158376434 | 81268773 | 74216728 | 306 | 232 | 0.664 | 34 | 31 | 34 |
| 2024 | 155201157 | 75019230 | 77303568 | 226 | 312 | 0.643 | 31 | 32 | 36 |