Hoher Fleischkonsum ist in der genetischen Risikogruppe mit einem geringeren Demenzrisiko verbunden. Ältere Menschen mit einem genetischen Risiko für die Alzheimer-Krankheit erlebten nicht den erwarteten Anstieg des kognitiven Rückgangs und des Demenzrisikos, wenn sie relativ große Mengen Fleisch verzehrten.
https://news.ki.se/high-meat-consumption-linked-to-lower-dementia-risk-in-genetic-risk-group
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High meat consumption linked to lower dementia risk in genetic risk group
Older people with a genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease did not experience the expected increase in cognitive decline and dementia risk if they consumed relatively large amounts of meat. This is shown in a new study from Karolinska Institutet published in JAMA Network Open. The results may contribute to the development of more individually tailored dietary advice.
APOE is a gene that affects the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. In Sweden, approximately 30 per cent of the population are carriers of the gene combinations APOE 3/4 or APOE 4/4. Among people with Alzheimer’s disease, those with these genotypes account for nearly 70 per cent.
When the Swedish Food Agency presented an overview of research on the link between diet and dementia last year, more research was requested to assess a possible link between meat consumption and the development of dementia.
Jakob Norgren. Foto: Ulf Sirborn
‘This study tested the hypothesis that people with APOE 3/4 and 4/4 would have a reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia with higher meat intake, based on the fact that APOE4 is the evolutionarily oldest variant of the APOE gene and may have arisen during a period when our evolutionary ancestors ate a more animal-based diet,’ says first author Jakob Norgren, researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet.
For those interested, here’s the link to the peer reviewed journal article:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2846712
My read of this
A. The big finding is HR = 1.1, p =0.04. (…)
B. They don’t seem to control for whether big meat eaters eat less of other things; given APOE is a big one for lipids, I wonder if it’s less: they eat more meat, and more that they eat less of LDL increasing things.
C. Could be survival bias given big meat eaters (processed) have higher risk of lifetime cancer.
Fundamentally I like the idea of taking an evolutionary approach to APOE, because there is clearly some benefit to the E4 allele or it wouldn’t be around.
Abstract
**Importance** The apolipoprotein E (*APOE)* ε4 allele increases Alzheimer disease risk. Understanding genotype-specific dietary needs could inform more personalized prevention strategies.
**Objective** To test the hypothesis that higher meat consumption may be associated with cognitive health benefits in individuals with *APOE* genotypes ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 (*APOE34/44*) and to examine whether this association differs from that in other genotypes.
**Design, Setting, and Participants** This population-based cohort study used panel data analyses conducted in January 2025 to January 2026 over 15 years of follow-up in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care–Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), using strategies aligned with causal inference principles. Recruitment was done in 2001 to 2004 among adults without dementia aged 60 years or older.
**Exposures** The primary exposure was total meat consumption in grams per total kilocalories assessed via validated food frequency questionnaires. The secondary exposure was the ratio of processed to total meat.
**Main Outcomes and Measures** Global cognitive trajectory, measured as change in *z* score per 10 years, was analyzed by linear regression. Incident dementia was analyzed using Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs), treating nondementia death as a competing risk.
**Results** Among 2157 older adults without dementia (mean [SD] age 71.2 [9.2] years; 1337 female [62.0%]), 1680 participants had longitudinal cognition data and 569 participants (26.4%) had *APOE34/44* genotypes. During follow-up, 296 participants developed dementia and 690 died without dementia. Among participants with *APOE34/44* genotypes, higher total meat consumption (top vs bottom quintile) was associated with better cognitive trajectories (β = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.56; *P* = .01) and reduced dementia risk (sHR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.95; *P* = .04). No associations were found in participants with *APOE22/23/24/33* genotypes (cognitive trajectory: β = –0.11; 95% CI, –0.27 to 0.06; *P* = .20; dementia: sHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.61; *P* = .86). *P* values for *APOE* interaction were .004 for cognition and .10 for dementia. In the top quintile of meat consumption, dementia risk and cognitive decline were similar between *APOE* strata. A higher ratio of processed to total meat was unfavorably associated with dementia (sHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29; *P* = .04), showing no *APOE* interaction and no substantial difference between unprocessed red meat and poultry. Post hoc analyses suggested concordant *APOE* interaction for all-cause mortality (unprocessed meat exposure, *APOE34/44*: HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.99; *P* = 0.04; *P* for interaction = .03).
**Conclusions and Relevance** In this study, higher meat consumption was associated with better cognitive trajectories and lower dementia risk among individuals with *APOE34/44* genotypes. The expected cognitive disadvantage among individuals with *APOE34/44* genotypes was not observed at high meat consumption, suggesting clinical and public health relevance.
[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2846712](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2846712)
Given the associated risks of heart disease, cancer and diabetes-related deaths from high meat consumption, I wonder is it likely that the earlier mortality-risk means individuals are less likely to live long enough to develop dementia