Der „Fokuseffekt“ von Musik auf kognitive und emotionale Ergebnisse während des Trainings ist uneinheitlich. Einer neuen systematischen Überprüfung und Metaanalyse zufolge scheint es bei hochintensiven Trainingseinheiten, insbesondere bei älteren Menschen, abzunehmen

>The review analysed ten studies that tested the effects of music on executive functions (such as attention and inhibitory control) and on affective responses (positive or negative feelings) during short bouts of exercise. Across studies, the results showed no consistent effects of music on cognitive or emotional outcomes.
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>Rather than finding clear benefits, the researchers observed that results varied widely depending on the context or exercise setting. In particular, analyses suggested that music tended to show smaller or negligible effects during higher-intensity exercise and among older participant samples. Any apparent effects were inconsistent across studies and did not reliably generalise.
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>Specifically, they found that the effects of music were not stable or universal. Instead, outcomes appeared to differ based on factors such as how hard participants were exercising, who the participants were, and how the studies were designed

[Frontiers | Does music support executive functions and affective responses during acute exercise? A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1714707/full)